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Do Squirrels Hibernate?

8/7/2013

136 Comments

 
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The short answer is, "No, squirrels do not hibernate, but they do sleep a lot!"

Squirrels do not hibernate in winter, but they do not like bitter cold weather, so they will stay hunkered down in their den or drey when it is really cold, opting to stay warm with their friends rather than venture out. When there is a break in the weather, they will venture out to retrieve some of the three years worth of food they squirreled away during the Summer and  Fall. ( Yes, it is estimated that a squirrel will find and bury 3 years worth of food every Summer and Fall!) They are the ultimate survivalists!

When I say that they stay hunkered down with their friends during bitter cold weather, that's exactly what I mean. This is the main way squirrels stay warm in Winter, and how they manage to survive during the coldest of Winters. It is a characteristic they learned when they were babies. If you have ever raised more than one baby squirrel, you know that they sleep in a ball of bodies and keep each other warm. This communal sleeping arrangement carries over into adulthood, especially when it is bitter cold. Even though squirrels can be territorial, this rule is dropped when the weather turns bad. My suspicion is that it is divided upon sex lines, IE., females group together and males group together, because it has been my observation that females will not tolerate males at any time except mating season. I made a video titled," How Squirrels Stay Warm In Winter," that shows this communal sleeping arrangement exhibited by a pair of females I released a few years ago, along with some other facts about how they stay warm in winter. I made a hyperlink of the title for any that would be interested to view it!

Even during warm weather, squirrels are most active in the early morning and late afternoon. This behavior is seen even in captive squirrels. During the day they will often lay very still in a cool shady spot and nap. This characteristic has been termed "splatting," in that they often will spread out their legs and feet and appear to have landed "splat" in that position. My resident blind squirrel, Lucky, pictured above, will often nap and sleep 18 to 20 hours per day. She's up bright and early in the morning for a couple hours, and then a couple hours in the evening. So, even in captivity, they continue this instinctive ritual!


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Do Squirrel Carry Rabies?

8/7/2013

347 Comments

 
I've decided to take various subjects that I'm asked about on a regular basis, and write a BLOG about them. That way I can refer people to my BLOG answers much like a website will have a "Frequently Asked Questions" page. I have an ulterior motive in this in that BLOG material gets picked up by the search engines and gives me lots of back links to my site whenever people do searches on topics such as, "Do Squirrels Carry Rabies.

Now to the question. Again, the short answer is "No" squirrels do not carry rabies. Now, if the question were asked, "Can squirrels get rabies?," the answer would be "Yes," however their chances of contracting it is slim to none. In order for a squirrel to get rabies, it would have to hang around with animals that are common carriers. And that just doesn't happen. Many of the animals that would carry rabies are arch enemies of squirrels, and they avoid them like the plague. Plus, a squirrel is so quick at evasion and with 180 degree vision, the chances of them being bitten by a rabid animal are very remote. Most animals that carry rabies, if they ever got hold of a squirrel would more than likely kill it, so there would end the possibility of it carrying and transmitting the disease.

When people come to the Emergency Room with a squirrel bite, it is one of the few bites that does not trigger a rabbis vaccine protocol. An interesting note that I've experienced over the years is that I have been bitten by squirrels numerous times, and I have never had a squirrel bite get infected!

The last bite I had was from a male I was trying to release. He wanted me to stay in the cage with him, and I had other things to do. He kept jumping on me and would not get off. After several attempts to get him to jump off onto one of the limbs in our release cage, he got upset with me trying to brush him off and he ran up to the top of my head and bit deeply into the back of my skull. When I reached up to pull him off, he bit me on the knuckle of my right middle finger, and he bit deep, completely encircling the extensors tendon of that finger. I was working that night in the ER and I showed our doctor the hand wound and she was horrified and wanted to put me on two antibiotics to prevent infection. I told her it wouldn't be necessary, but if it got infected, I would look her up. Long story short, I never needed the antibiotics. It stayed sore for a couple of days because he did tweak the tendon, but it never got infected and was healed in less than a week.

There are also no vaccinations that I know of that squirrels need to take. So squirrels could get rabies, but don't. Their bites don't seem to get infected easily, and they don't need to be vaccinated against any diseases. I suppose this could change in the future if people try to domesticate squirrels, but for now, that's the story about squirrels and rabies.

347 Comments

Should I Feed A Baby Squirrel Commercial Formula?

8/1/2013

89 Comments

 
Let me preface what I'm about to say with this disclaimer: If you are happy with what you are feeding your baby squirrel, and the baby is doing fine, by all means keep doing what you are doing!

But, if you are not sure and are wondering if there is an alternative to commercial formula, allow me to lay out some facts for you to consider.

To begin, you should always read labels. What you will find on the label of most commercial formulas is the fact that they start with skim milk, then add fillers and finish up with a bunch of vitamins. At first glance, this seems to make sense, after all, who doesn't need vitamins? People should take vitamins to supplement what they are lacking. Because, if you take vitamins that your body doesn't need, especially the water soluble kind, you will simply pee them out. Many doctors will tell you that many people who take vitamins have the most expensive pee in the world!

This begs the question, " What vitamins does a baby squirrel need?" Here again I deffer to what most doctors and pediatricians say when asked the question, " What is the most important part of formula and/or breast milk for the growth and development of a baby?" Almost without fail they will tell you that it is the milk fat and protein in the formula or breast milk that is the most important component. Why the milk fat? Because babies synthesize everything they need for growth and development from the milk fat and protein!  Think about that last statement, that's why I underlined it. They synthesize everything they need for growth and development from the milk fat and protein!

All babies are in that unique stage of life where the main emphasis is on growth and development. Since doctors agree that everything they need in this stage is synthesized from milk fat and protein, why is there a need for formula to be fortified with vitamins?

The next question you should ask yourself is, " How much milk fat does a baby squirrel need, and does my formula meet that need?" Most Rehabbers cannot answer that question for you. But, I have an ancient research paper, that predates most modern formulas, that sheds some light on the milk fat requirements of squirrels. It was conducted by the Ohio State University back in the 1960's where they took a number of lactating female Grey Squirrels and milked them to analyze the contents of their breast milk. They were only able to obtain just a few cc's of breast milk and had to use ancient technology in their analysis. What they found was astounding! They found that the fat content of Squirrel breast milk ranged fro 12 to 24%. To put this into perspective, that would mean that Squirrel breast milk is second only to whale and seal milk in the amount of milk fat!  A PDF of this study can be viewed at:
https://kb.osu.edu/dspace/bitstream/handle/1811/5665/V72N01_003.pdf?sequence=1



I think it is safe to say that baby squirrels in the wild are raised on milk that is very high in fat. If baby squirrels require a high fat content in the wild, why on earth would you want a formula that has skim milk as the main ingredient?

As a note of interest, the above report by the Ohio State University also mentions that they were feeding their research baby squirrels a combination of whole cow's milk with canned condensed milk added. In other words, they were increasing the fat content of whole cows milk with high fat condensed milk to increase the fat content of their formula. It doesn't say that they were using some powdered milk re placer. It also doesn't say that their babies were dying horrible deaths because they were feeding them formula made from cow's milk!

The idea of Cow's milk killing baby squirrels is a lie that is intended to get you to fear and doubt the idea of ever feeding them regular milk. The fact is, that if you feed a baby squirrel Cow's milk without first boiling it, it can give them diarrhea because their immature gut reacts to the enzymes present in the milk. If diarrhea is left untreated, a baby squirrel can get dehydrated and develop an electrolyte imbalance. If an electrolyte imbalance is left untreated, it can cause a heart arrhythmia, which could lead to sudden cardiac death. All this can be prevented by bringing milk and cream mixture to a boil. Doing so destroys the enzymes and leaves you with a high fat formula that is perfect for baby squirrels at a fraction of the cost.

Some of you may be asking yourself, why would Rehabbers and Formula Manufacturers intentionally mislead people about formula? All I can tell you is to follow the money line. Formula manufacturers make millions of extra dollars per year by expanding the scope of their sales into wild animal rehabilitation. They send their "experts" to the various State Rehab' conventions to explain to the Rehabbers that attend, why their product is superior for various animal species, and present half-truths like the above mentioned diarrhea to death scenario as being the end result of feeding anything else. To seal the deal, I'm sure that lots of money gets dumped back into the coffers of State Rehab' organizations, in exchange for them promoting their products.

It irritates me to no end that this stuff takes place, but it does not bother me. My goal is to provide my readers with truthful facts, and let them draw their own conclusions. I've never lost a baby squirrel to a formula related problem, and I've taken care of babies that were within days of dying from severe malnutrition and advanced metabolic bone disease! My homemade formula has never failed me, and I have no financial interest that would motivate me to lie.

I've taken heat from a number Wildlife Rehab' individuals including a pair that once tried to get my State Rehab' license revoked for, "spreading lies about feeding baby squirrels Cow's milk." I've always patiently refuted all their arguments and even made my State's director of the Division of Wildlife laugh when I explained my position in the ensuing investigation. Needless to say I'm still allowed to rehab' squirrels! 

If you have any questions or comments, you can always contact me at [email protected].

89 Comments

    Author

    William Sells is a Registered Nurse turned Squirrel Rehabber and Nutritionist. His passion is raising healthy, disease free squirrels through feeding them the right way and the treatment of common squirrel diseases. He's always open to questions and comments regarding Squirrels and their care and feeding.

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